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import vtk

cone_a = vtk.vtkConeSource()

coneMapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
coneMapper.SetInputConnection(cone_a.GetOutputPort())

coneActor = vtk.vtkActor()
coneActor.SetMapper(coneMapper)


ren1 = vtk.vtkRenderer()
ren1.AddActor(coneActor)
ren1.SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
ren1.SetBackground2(0.1, 0.2, 0.4)
ren1.SetGradientBackground(1)

renWin = vtk.vtkRenderWindow()
renWin.AddRenderer(ren1)
renWin.SetSize(300, 300)
renWin.Render()

iren = vtk.vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
iren.SetRenderWindow(renWin)

iren.Initialize()
iren.Start()

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#!/usr/bin/env python

# This is (almost) a direct C++ to Python transliteration of
# <VTK-root>/Examples/DataManipulation/Cxx/Cube.cxx from the VTK
# source distribution, which "shows how to manually create vtkPolyData"
#
# A convenience function, mkVtkIdList(), has been added and one if/else
# so the example also works in version 6 or later.
#
# Lines like `obj->Delete()` have been transliterated as `del obj` to,
# preserve the resemblance to the original C++ example, although I
# doubt this achieves anything beyond what Python's garbage collection
# would do anyway.

import vtk

# Makes a vtkIdList from a Python iterable. I'm kinda surprised that
# this is necessary, since I assumed that this kind of thing would
# have been built into the wrapper and happen transparently, but it
# seems not.


def mkVtkIdList(it):
    vil = vtk.vtkIdList()
    for i in it:
        vil.InsertNextId(int(i))
    return vil

# 绘制通用方法
def myShow(cube):
    # Now we'll look at it.
    cubeMapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
    if vtk.VTK_MAJOR_VERSION <= 5:
        cubeMapper.SetInput(cube)
    else:
        cubeMapper.SetInputData(cube)
    cubeMapper.SetScalarRange(0, 7)
    cubeActor = vtk.vtkActor()
    cubeActor.SetMapper(cubeMapper)

    # The usual rendering stuff.
    camera = vtk.vtkCamera()
    camera.SetPosition(1, 1, 1)
    camera.SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0)

    renderer = vtk.vtkRenderer()
    renWin = vtk.vtkRenderWindow()
    renWin.AddRenderer(renderer)

    iren = vtk.vtkRenderWindowInteractor()
    iren.SetRenderWindow(renWin)

    renderer.AddActor(cubeActor)
    renderer.SetActiveCamera(camera)
    renderer.ResetCamera()
    renderer.SetBackground(0, 0, 0)
    renderer.SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
    renderer.SetBackground2(0.1, 0.2, 0.4)
    renderer.SetGradientBackground(1)

    renWin.SetSize(300, 300)

    # interact with data
    renWin.Render()
    iren.Start()
    del cubeMapper
    del cubeActor
    del camera
    del renderer
    del renWin
    del iren


def main():
    # x = array of 8 3-tuples of float representing the vertices of a cube:
    # 8个三维值代表长方体的8个顶点
    x = [(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
         (0.0, 0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0, 1.0)]

    # pts = array of 6 4-tuples of vtkIdType (int) representing the faces
    #     of the cube in terms of the above vertices
    # 点的编号0-7，每个面由4个点组成
    pts = [(0, 1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7), (0, 1, 5, 4),
           (1, 2, 6, 5), (2, 3, 7, 6), (3, 0, 4, 7)]

    # We'll create the building blocks of polydata including data attributes.
    cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
    points = vtk.vtkPoints()
    polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
    scalars = vtk.vtkFloatArray()

    # Load the point, cell, and data attributes.
    for i in range(8):
        points.InsertPoint(i, x[i])
    for i in range(6):
        polys.InsertNextCell(mkVtkIdList(pts[i]))
    for i in range(8):
        scalars.InsertTuple1(i, i)

    # We now assign the pieces to the vtkPolyData.
    cube.SetPoints(points)
    del points
    cube.SetPolys(polys)
    del polys
    cube.GetPointData().SetScalars(scalars)
    del scalars

    myShow(cube)
    # Clean up
    del cube


main()

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from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
import sys
import vtk
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from vtk.qt.QVTKRenderWindowInteractor import QVTKRenderWindowInteractor


class myMainWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)

        self.frame = QtWidgets.QFrame()

        self.vl = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.vtkWidget = QVTKRenderWindowInteractor(self.frame)
        self.vl.addWidget(self.vtkWidget)

        self.ren = vtk.vtkRenderer()
        self.vtkWidget.GetRenderWindow().AddRenderer(self.ren)
        self.iren = self.vtkWidget.GetRenderWindow().GetInteractor()

        # Create source
        source = vtk.vtkConeSource()
        source.SetCenter(0, 0, 0)
        source.SetRadius(0.1)

        source1 = vtk.vtkSphereSource()
        source1.SetCenter(0, 0, 0)
        source1.SetRadius(0.3)

        # Create a mapper
        mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper.SetInputConnection(source.GetOutputPort())

        mapper1 = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper1.SetInputConnection(source1.GetOutputPort())

        # Create an actor
        actor = vtk.vtkActor()
        actor.SetMapper(mapper)

        actor1 = vtk.vtkActor()
        actor1.SetMapper(mapper1)

        self.ren.AddActor(actor)
        self.ren.AddActor(actor1)

        self.ren.ResetCamera()

        self.frame.setLayout(self.vl)
        self.setCentralWidget(self.frame)

        self.show()
        self.iren.Initialize()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = myMainWindow()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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# 部分代码，在PyQt主程序中以addWidget形式嵌入到主窗口中

    # 添加VTK显示窗读取STL文件===============================================
    self.vtkWidget = QVTKRenderWindowInteractor(self.centralwidget) # 提供平台独立的响应鼠标、键盘和时钟事件的交互机制
    self.verticalLayout_3.addWidget(self.vtkWidget)

    self.ren = vtk.vtkRenderer() # 负责管理场景的渲染过程
    self.ren.SetBackground(1.0, 1.0, 1.0) # 设置页面底部颜色值
    self.ren.SetBackground2(0.1, 0.2, 0.4) # 设置页面顶部颜色值
    self.ren.SetGradientBackground(1) # 开启渐变色背景设置

    self.vtkWidget.GetRenderWindow().AddRenderer(self.ren)
    self.iren = self.vtkWidget.GetRenderWindow().GetInteractor()
    # 交互器样式的一种，该样式下，用户是通过控制相机对物体作旋转、放大、缩小等操作
    style = vtk.vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera()
    self.iren.SetInteractorStyle(style)

    # Read from STL file
    stlreader = vtk.vtkSTLReader()
    stlreader.SetFileName("test.stl")

    # Read from OBJ file
    # objReader = vtk.vtkOBJReader()
	# objReader.SetFileName("test.obj")

    # Create a mapper
    mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper() # 渲染多边形几何数据
    mapper.SetInputConnection(stlreader.GetOutputPort()) 
    # VTK可视化管线的输入数据接口 ，对应的可视化管线输出数据的接口为GetOutputPort()；
    # mapper.SetInputConnection(objReader.GetOutputPort())

    # Create an actor
    actor = vtk.vtkActor()
    actor.SetMapper(mapper)
    # 设置生成几何图元的Mapper。即连接一个Actor到可视化管线的末端(可视化管线的末端就是Mapper)。

    self.ren.AddActor(actor)
    self.ren.ResetCamera()

    self.centralwidget.setLayout(self.verticalLayout_3)
    self.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)

    self.vtkWidget.show()
    self.iren.Initialize()