Fundamental Principles of Photography

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Summary
What makes a good photo? A mind map of fundamental photography principles, focusing on theme, composition, lighting, and subject isolation to create compelling images.

Overview 

mindmap
  root((Photography Principles))
    Distinct Theme
      Universal Implication
      Novelty
    Subject Attention
      Light
      Shutter
      Filter
    Highlight Methods
      Layout
      Size Proportion
      Frame
      Light and Dark
      Converging Lines
      Focus Selection
      Repetition
      Action
    Simple Composition
      No Distraction

Three Core Principles

PrincipleDescription
Distinct ThemeEvery photo should have a clear, identifiable subject
Universal ImplicationThe message should resonate with a broad audience
NoveltyBring fresh perspectives or unique approaches

Attracting Attention to Subject

Use technical tools to draw the viewer’s eye:

  • Light — Direct light on the subject, shadows elsewhere
  • Shutter Speed — Motion blur vs. frozen action
  • Filters — Enhance contrast, colors, or mood

Methods to Highlight Key Points

MethodHow It Works
LayoutPosition subject at power points (rule of thirds)
Size ProportionMake subject larger relative to surroundings
Frame CompositionUse natural frames (doorways, windows, branches)
Light and DarkContrast subject against opposite tones
Converging LinesLead viewer’s eye toward the subject
Focus SelectionSharp subject, blurred background (shallow DOF)
RepetitionBreak a pattern to draw attention
ActionCapture movement to create visual interest

Simple Composition

Golden Rule: If an element doesn’t add to the photo, it detracts from it.

Eliminate distractions:

  • Remove clutter from the background
  • Look for clean, unobtrusive backdrops
  • Use shallow depth of field to blur distractions
  • Change angle or position to exclude unwanted elements