Camera Composition and Types
Summary
A visual mind map of camera anatomy and classification. We break down essential components (lens, sensor, shutter, aperture) and compare different camera types—from 35mm SLRs to large-format view cameras.
Overview
mindmap
root((Camera))
Composition
Light-tight Box
Lens
Sensor
Viewfinder
Focus System
Shutter
Aperture
Types
35mm Auto
SLR
TLR
Instant
View Camera
Camera Composition
A camera consists of several essential components working together to capture images.
Core Components
| Component | Function |
|---|---|
| Light-tight Box | Houses all components, prevents unwanted light |
| Lens | Focuses light onto the sensor/film |
| Digital Sensor | Converts light into electrical signals |
| Shutter | Controls exposure duration |
| Aperture | Controls amount of light entering |
| Focus Control System | Adjusts lens position for sharp images |
Viewfinder Types
The viewfinder allows image viewing, composition, and focus adjustment.
Rangefinder Viewfinder
A separate optical system for framing and focusing.
Single-lens Reflex (SLR) Viewfinder
Working Principle:
- 45° mirror in front of film plane reflects image onto ground glass
- Mirror flips up, shutter opens, light reaches film
- Brightest possible image visible (lens at maximum aperture)
Issues with SLR:
- Viewfinder blackout during exposure
- Mirror movement noise
- Mirror-induced vibration
Twin-lens Reflex (TLR) Viewfinder
Working Principle:
- Synchronized upper (viewing) and lower (shooting) lenses
- Both lenses show identical image
Ground Glass Back
- Image appears upside-down and reversed
- Used in large format cameras
Camera Types
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| 35mm Automatic Camera | “Point-and-shoot” - fully automatic exposure |
| 35mm Direct Vision Camera | Rangefinder-style compact camera |
| Single-lens Reflex (SLR) | Mirror-based through-the-lens viewing |
| Twin-lens Reflex (TLR) | Dual lens: top for viewing, bottom for shooting |
| Instant Camera | Self-developing prints (e.g., Polaroid) |
| View Camera | Large format, ground glass focusing, movements |